The 20th century has radically undermined many beliefs from the past, especially an overall belief in virtue and in a human capacity to find and solve the most critical issues of this earth. The same crumbling of belief happened with a strong, optimistic belief in continual, positive results in education. This belief also failed long ago and was immediately replaced by gloomy and unmitigated pessimism. In 1949, shortly before his death in Paris, a famous Russian religious philosopher Sergey Frank, reflecting on contemporary European cruelty and violence “which just forty, even ten years before would be considered totally impossible,’ wrote about it then that “Recent events showed that the so-called man of culture – a cultivated European – had turned out to be a deceptive figure, an incredibly severe and morally blind savage who used his culture only to torture and murder people in a more ‘refined’ and skillful way.” Reading these lines, you would think that the philosopher remained in a deadlock of despair but he manages to overcome it and move ahead.

A person’s world outlook is one of the most important and complex results of an individual’s education. Unlike one’s attitude to the world or one’s perception of the world, this) world outlook always presupposes reflection, and it is always based on reflection on that which is rational and real. In this sense, a world outlook can be philosophical, scientific, and religious. It can combine all three types, or it could be anyone of them. Moreover, these attributes don’t necessarily contradict each other. They just have different foundations, which can either be in conflict with each other, or in agreement.