Currently, ‘a correction’ of early childhood disorders is considered to be one of the priority areas for medical doctors and educators all over the world. The importance and necessity of this type of work in Russia is determined by two main factors. The first is a decline in the healthy children’s birth rate which simultaneously increases a number of children with developmental disabilities and consequently, a number of the so-called social orphans (these are the children whose parents are still alive but do not want to take care of their sons or daughters. – Editor’s explanation). The second one is an increase in expenses on special preschool and school education. Russia today is facing an urgent need to create a system of early childhood diagnostics and correction. The importance of this need and necessity is well understood by the specialists from Departments of Education, Public Health Care, Family and Demographics Policy who and are prepared to work in this direction and to actively cooperate with one another in an interdisciplinary mode. Attention and interest in diagnostics and correction of special needs (whenever possible) in early childhood is also stimulated by a gloomy situation with demographics in Russia on the whole and in Kursk region in particular. We are talking about a considerable decrease of healthy children’s birth rate and also a progressive decrease of fully mature children’s birth rate, together with an increase of complications during childbirth and developmental disabilities of a congenital or prenatal nature.