This article introduces the readers to the history of a very special and very dramatic though very successful school created by a prominent Polish educator and writer Janusz Korczak. The author, being practically the first Russian researcher of educational insights of Janusz Korczak, manages to show his primary ideas which make his school both strictly authorial and unique. At the same time his concept definitely has a number of well-developed techniques and strategies which are well presented in the article and which can be replicated in other educational establishments.