A prominent medical doctor, a citizen and patriot of Russia, Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (1810 –1881) devoted only five of his fifty-some-year-long scientific and public activities to his work in public education. However, even this time was enough to rank his name among Russian most renowned educators and thinkers. According to V.A. Volkovich, “one may say that Pirogov’s whole educational system is a true quintessence of his personality. The core of Pirogov’s educational system is idealism and love to mankind” (1, p.69). The roots of Pirogov’s outlook are very deep and, as it often happens, go back to his childhood. To a large extent, Pirogov’s character formation was influenced by the very life of his close-knit, devout (all religious rites were strictly and zealously observed) and patriarchal family where Nikolay was one of fourteen children. His parents made a strong foundation of such crucial traits of Nikolay’s character as religiousness, patriotism, and love to Russia. The next factor which strongly influenced the formation of the future thinker’s outlook was his studies at the Medical School of Moscow State University which he entered on September 24, 1824. The first-year student had hardly reached the age of 14. That time, the eve of the Decembrist uprising, was the time of dynamic social events, heated political discussions about the situation in the country and a strenuous search for the ways to develop the state and society.